Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in PM10 in central Serbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18485/uunt_gsc230101033kKeywords:
air, heavy metal elements, contamination assessment, health risk assessment, particulate matters PM10Abstract
The objective of study was to investigate concentration and spatial distribution of heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb and Ni) in PM10 in central Serbia. Human health risks for heavy metals were assessed. Results showed that air in central Serbia does not contain significant heavy metal elements concentrations except in mining area (Bor). The contamination evaluation indicated that As, Cd, Ni and Pb in the air originated from anthropogenic sources. The non-cancer health risk assessment showed that ingestion was the primary exposure route for all metals in the air and that Pb, and As were the main contributors to non-cancer risks. HI values were calculated for children (HI=6.3E-07), indicating that children will likely experience higher health risks compared with adults (HI=7.1E-08). The non-cancer risks posed by all studied heavy metal elements and the cancer risks posed by As, Cd, and Ni to children and adults fell within the acceptable range
Downloads
References
Acosta, J. A., Cano, A. F., Arocena, J. M., Debela, F., & Martínez-Martínez, S. (2009). Distribution of metals in soil particle size fractions and its implication to risk assessment of playgrounds in Murcia City (Spain). Geoderma, 149(1), 101–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.20
Beamer, P., Key, M. E., Ferguson, A. C., Canales, R. A., Auyeung, W., & Leckie, J. O. (2008). Quantified activity pattern data from 6 to 27-month-old farmworker children for use in exposure assessment. Environmental Research, 108(2), 239–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.007
Bellinger, D. (1995). Neuropsychologic function in children exposed to environmental lead. In Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) (Vol. 6, Issue 2, pp. 101–103). Betha, R., Behera, S. N., & Balasubramanian, R. (2014). 2013 Southeast Asian Smoke Haze: Fractionation of Particulate-Bound Elements and Associated Health Risk. Environmental Science & Technology, 48(8), 4327–4335. https://doi.org/10.1021/es405533d
Botsou, F., Moutafis, I., Dalaina, S., & Kelepertzis, E. (2020). Settled bus dust as a proxy of traffic-related emissions and health implications of exposures to potentially harmful elements. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11(10), 1776–1784. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2020.07.010
Burnett, R. T., Dales, R., Krewski, D., Vincent, R., Dann, T., & Brook, J. R. (1995). Associations between ambient particulate sulfate and admissions to Ontario hospitals for cardiac and respiratory diseases. American Journal of Epidemiology, 142(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117540
Chen, H., Zhan, C., Liu, S., Zhang, J., Liu, H., Liu, Z., Liu, T., Liu, X., & Xiao, W. (2022). Pollution Characteristics and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Street Dust from a Typical Industrial Zone in Wuhan City, Central China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710970
Chirenje, T., Ma, L. Q., & Lu, L. (2006). Retention of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by Wood Ash, Lime and Fume Dust. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 171(1), 301–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-005-9051-4
Cook, A. G., Weinstein, P., & Centeno, J. A. (2005). Health effects of natural dust. Biological Trace Element Research, 103(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1385/BTER:103:1:001
Csavina, J., Field, J., Taylor, M. P., Gao, S., Landázuri, A., Betterton, E. A., & Sáez, A. E. (2012). A review on the importance of metals and metalloids in atmospheric dust and aerosol from mining operations. The Science of the Total Environment, 433, 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.013
Dockery, D, and Pope, A. (1996). Epidemiology of acute health effects: summary of time series studies (S. Wilson, Ed.; Particles). Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA (United States).
Ferreira-Baptista, L., & de Miguel, E. (2005). Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: A tropical urban environment. Atmospheric Environment, 39(25), 4501–4512. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.20 05.03.026
Han, Y.-J., Kim, H.-W., Cho, S.-H., Kim, P.-R., & Kim, W.- J. (2015). Metallic elements in PM2.5 in different functional areas of Korea: Concentrations and source identification. Atmospheric Research, 153, 416–428. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.10.002
Hou, S., Zheng, N., Tang, L., Ji, X., Li, Y., & Hua, X. (2019). Pollution characteristics, sources, and health risk assessment of human exposure to Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb pollution in urban street dust across China between 2009 and 2018. Environment International, 128, 430– 437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.046
Hu, X., Zhang, Y., Luo, J., Wang, T., Lian, H., & Ding, Z. (2011). Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic, mercury and other metals in urban street dusts from a mega-city, Nanjing, China. Environmental Pollution, 159(5), 1215–1221. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.01.037
IARC. (2014). (International Agency for Research on Cancer). Inyang, H. I., & Bae, S. (2006). Impacts of dust on environmental systems and human health. In Journal of hazardous materials (Vol. 132, Issue 1, pp. v–vi). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.11.082
Kurt-Karakus, P. B. (2012). Determination of heavy metals in indoor dust from Istanbul, Turkey: Estimation of the health risk. Environment International, 50, 47–55. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2012.09.011
Makkonen, U., Hellén, H., Anttila, P., & Ferm, M. (2010). Size distribution and chemical composition of airborne particles in south-eastern Finland during different seasons and wildfire episodes in 2006. The Science of the Total Environment, 408(3), 644–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.050
Men, C., Liu, R., Xu, L., Wang, Q., Guo, L., Miao, Y., & Shen, Z. (2020). Source-specific ecological risk analysis and critical source identification of heavy metals in road dust in Beijing, China. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 388, 121763. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121763
Mielke, H. W., Gonzales, C. R., Smith, M. K., & Mielke, P. W. (1999). The Urban Environment and Children’s Health: Soils as an Integrator of Lead, Zinc, and Cadmium in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. Environmental Research, 81(2), 117–129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1999.3966
Moreno, T., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Reche, C., Cusack, M., Amato, F., Pandolfi, M., Pey, J., Richard, A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Furger, M., & Gibbons, W. (2011). Variations in time and space of trace metal aerosol concentrations in urban areas and their surroundings. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11(17), 9415– 9430. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9415-2011
Nriagu, J. O. (1988). A silent epidemic of environmental metal poisoning? Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 50(1–2), 139–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(88)90189-3
Pan, Y., Tian, S., Li, X., Sun, Y., Li, Y., Wentworth, G. R., & Wang, Y. (2015). Trace elements in particulate matter from metropolitan regions of Northern China: Sources, concentrations and size distributions. The Science of the Total Environment, 537, 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.060
Pope, C. A. 3rd. (1991). Respiratory hospital admissions associated with PM10 pollution in Utah, Salt Lake, and Cache Valleys. Archives of Environmental Health, 46(2), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1991.9937434
Pope, C. A. 3rd, Burnett, R. T., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., Krewski, D., Ito, K., & Thurston, G. D. (2002). Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. JAMA, 287(9), 1132–1141. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.9.1132
Raghunath, R., Tripathi, R. M., Kumar, A. v, Sathe, A. P., Khandekar, R. N., & Nambi, K. S. (1999). Assessment of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn exposures of 6- to 10-year-old children in Mumbai. Environmental Research, 80(3), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1998.3919
Roemer, W., Hoek, G., & Brunekreef, B. (1993). Effect of ambient winter air pollution on respiratory health of children with chronic respiratory symptoms. The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 147(1), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/147.1.118
Schwartz, J., & Morris, R. (1995). Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Detroit, Michigan. American Journal of Epidemiology, 142(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117541
Singh, A. K., Singh, A., & ME, E. (1997). The Lognormal Distribution in Environmental Applications.
Sun, C., Bi, C., Chen, Z., Wang, D., Zhang, C., Sun, Y., Yu, Z., & Zhou, D. (2010). Assessment on environmental quality of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Chongming Island, Shanghai City. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 20(1), 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-010-0135-8
Thornton, I. (1991). Metal Contamination of Soils in Urban Areas. In Soils in the Urban Environment (pp. 47–75). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444310603.ch4
Tian, H. Z., Zhu, C. Y., Gao, J. J., Cheng, K., Hao, J. M., Wang, K., Hua, S. B., Wang, Y., & Zhou, J. R. (2015). Quantitative assessment of atmospheric emissions of toxic heavy metals from anthropogenic sources in China: historical trend, spatial distribution, uncertainties, and control policies. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15(17), 10127–10147. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-10127-2015
US EPA. (1989). Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund. Volume I Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). I(December), 289. https://doi.org/EPA/540/1-89/002
US EPA. (1992). Supplemental Guidance to RAGS: Calculating the Concentration Term. PB92-963373. US EPA. (2002). US-EPA, 2002. Calculating upper confidence limits for exposure point concentrations at hazardous waste sites. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. OSWER 9285.6-10. December. US EPA. (2004). Risk assessment guidance for superfund (RAGS). Volume I. Human health evaluation manual (HHEM). Part E. Supplemental guidance for dermal risk assessment. Us Epa, 1(540/R/99/005). https://doi.org/EPA/540/1-89/002
Valko, M., Rhodes, C. J., Moncol, J., Izakovic, M., & Mazur
M. (2006). Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 160(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2005.12.009
Wang, L., Guo, Z., Xiao, X., Chen, T., Liao, X., Song, J., & Wu, B. (2008). Heavy metal pollution of soils and vegetables in the midstream and downstream of the Xiangjiang River, Hunan Province. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 18(3), 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-008-0353-5
Wang, L., Liang, T., Zhang, Q., & Li, K. (2014). Rare earth element components in atmospheric particulates in the Bayan Obo mine region. Environmental Research, 131,64–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.006
Wang, X., Liu, E., Lin, Q., Liu, L., Yuan, H., & Li, Z. (2020). Occurrence, sources and health risks of toxic metal(loid)s in road dust from a mega city (Nanjing) in China. Environmental Pollution, 263, 114518. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114518
Wei, Q. Z., Li, S., Jia, Q., Luo, B., Su, L. M., Liu, Q., Yuan, X. R., Wang, Y. H., Ruan, Y., & Niu, J. P. (2018). [Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metals in PM(2.5) in Lanzhou]. Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine], 52(6), 601–607. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.06.008
Yang, S., Liu, J., Bi, X., Ning, Y., Qiao, S., Yu, Q., & Zhang, J. (2020). Risks related to heavy metal pollution in urban construction dust fall of fast-developing Chinese cities. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 197, 110628. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110628
Zhang, F., Wang, Z., Cheng, H., Lv, X., Gong, W., Wang, X., & Zhang, G. (2015). Seasonal variations and chemical characteristics of PM2.5 in Wuhan, centra
China. Science of The Total Environment, 518–519, 97–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.054
Zheng, G., Yue, L., Li, Z., & Chen, C. (2006). Assessment on heavy metals pollution of agricultural soil in Guanzhong District. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 16(1), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-006-0111-5
Zheng, N., Liu, J., Wang, Q., & Liang, Z. (2010a). Heavy metals exposure of children from stairway and sidewalk dust in the smelting district, northeast of China. Atmospheric Environment, 44(27), 3239–3245. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.06.002
Zheng, N., Liu, J., Wang, Q., & Liang, Z. (2010b). Health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure to street dust in the zinc smelting district, Northeast of China. The Science of the Total Environment, 408(4), 726–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.075
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
